]> git.armaanb.net Git - st.git/blobdiff - st.c
Revert "Optimize memory footprint of line buffers"
[st.git] / st.c
diff --git a/st.c b/st.c
index 7051a4a28534292b02237705ae73d0e62d0ad929..3dd5caf876d91a104e79234ed9c5114a97a8620c 100644 (file)
--- a/st.c
+++ b/st.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* See LICENSE for licence details. */
+/* See LICENSE for license details. */
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ char *argv0;
 #define ESC_ARG_SIZ   16
 #define STR_BUF_SIZ   ESC_BUF_SIZ
 #define STR_ARG_SIZ   ESC_ARG_SIZ
-#define DRAW_BUF_SIZ  20*1024
 #define XK_ANY_MOD    UINT_MAX
 #define XK_NO_MOD     0
 #define XK_SWITCH_MOD (1<<13)
@@ -72,6 +71,7 @@ char *argv0;
 #define ISCONTROLC0(c) (BETWEEN(c, 0, 0x1f) || (c) == '\177')
 #define ISCONTROLC1(c) (BETWEEN(c, 0x80, 0x9f))
 #define ISCONTROL(c) (ISCONTROLC0(c) || ISCONTROLC1(c))
+#define ISDELIM(u) (utf8strchr(worddelimiters, u) != NULL)
 #define LIMIT(x, a, b)    (x) = (x) < (a) ? (a) : (x) > (b) ? (b) : (x)
 #define ATTRCMP(a, b) ((a).mode != (b).mode || (a).fg != (b).fg || (a).bg != (b).bg)
 #define IS_SET(flag) ((term.mode & (flag)) != 0)
@@ -86,18 +86,19 @@ char *argv0;
 
 
 enum glyph_attribute {
-       ATTR_NULL      = 0,
-       ATTR_BOLD      = 1 << 0,
-       ATTR_FAINT     = 1 << 1,
-       ATTR_ITALIC    = 1 << 2,
-       ATTR_UNDERLINE = 1 << 3,
-       ATTR_BLINK     = 1 << 4,
-       ATTR_REVERSE   = 1 << 5,
-       ATTR_INVISIBLE = 1 << 6,
-       ATTR_STRUCK    = 1 << 7,
-       ATTR_WRAP      = 1 << 8,
-       ATTR_WIDE      = 1 << 9,
-       ATTR_WDUMMY    = 1 << 10,
+       ATTR_NULL       = 0,
+       ATTR_BOLD       = 1 << 0,
+       ATTR_FAINT      = 1 << 1,
+       ATTR_ITALIC     = 1 << 2,
+       ATTR_UNDERLINE  = 1 << 3,
+       ATTR_BLINK      = 1 << 4,
+       ATTR_REVERSE    = 1 << 5,
+       ATTR_INVISIBLE  = 1 << 6,
+       ATTR_STRUCK     = 1 << 7,
+       ATTR_WRAP       = 1 << 8,
+       ATTR_WIDE       = 1 << 9,
+       ATTR_WDUMMY     = 1 << 10,
+       ATTR_BOLD_FAINT = ATTR_BOLD | ATTR_FAINT,
 };
 
 enum cursor_movement {
@@ -158,8 +159,13 @@ enum escape_state {
 
 enum window_state {
        WIN_VISIBLE = 1,
-       WIN_REDRAW  = 2,
-       WIN_FOCUSED = 4
+       WIN_FOCUSED = 2
+};
+
+enum selection_mode {
+       SEL_IDLE = 0,
+       SEL_EMPTY = 1,
+       SEL_READY = 2
 };
 
 enum selection_type {
@@ -177,11 +183,13 @@ typedef unsigned int uint;
 typedef unsigned long ulong;
 typedef unsigned short ushort;
 
+typedef uint_least32_t Rune;
+
 typedef XftDraw *Draw;
 typedef XftColor Color;
 
 typedef struct {
-       char c[UTF_SIZ]; /* character code */
+       Rune u;           /* character code */
        ushort mode;      /* attribute flags */
        uint32_t fg;      /* foreground  */
        uint32_t bg;      /* background  */
@@ -224,6 +232,7 @@ typedef struct {
        Line *line;   /* screen */
        Line *alt;    /* alternate screen */
        bool *dirty;  /* dirtyness of lines */
+       XftGlyphFontSpec *specbuf; /* font spec buffer used for rendering */
        TCursor c;    /* cursor */
        int top;      /* top    scroll limit */
        int bot;      /* bottom scroll limit */
@@ -352,6 +361,7 @@ static void draw(void);
 static void redraw(void);
 static void drawregion(int, int, int, int);
 static void execsh(void);
+static void stty(void);
 static void sigchld(int);
 static void run(void);
 
@@ -359,7 +369,7 @@ static void csidump(void);
 static void csihandle(void);
 static void csiparse(void);
 static void csireset(void);
-static int eschandle(uchar ascii);
+static int eschandle(uchar);
 static void strdump(void);
 static void strhandle(void);
 static void strparse(void);
@@ -382,20 +392,20 @@ static void tmoveato(int, int);
 static void tnew(int, int);
 static void tnewline(int);
 static void tputtab(int);
-static void tputc(char *, int);
+static void tputc(Rune);
 static void treset(void);
 static void tresize(int, int);
 static void tscrollup(int, int);
 static void tscrolldown(int, int);
 static void tsetattr(int *, int);
-static void tsetchar(char *, Glyph *, int, int);
+static void tsetchar(Rune, Glyph *, int, int);
 static void tsetscroll(int, int);
 static void tswapscreen(void);
 static void tsetdirt(int, int);
 static void tsetdirtattr(int);
 static void tsetmode(bool, bool, int *, int);
 static void tfulldirt(void);
-static void techo(char *, int);
+static void techo(Rune);
 static void tcontrolcode(uchar );
 static void tdectest(char );
 static int32_t tdefcolor(int *, int *, int);
@@ -406,9 +416,12 @@ static void ttyread(void);
 static void ttyresize(void);
 static void ttysend(char *, size_t);
 static void ttywrite(const char *, size_t);
-static void tstrsequence(uchar c);
+static void tstrsequence(uchar);
 
-static void xdraws(char *, Glyph, int, int, int, int);
+static inline ushort sixd_to_16bit(int);
+static int xmakeglyphfontspecs(XftGlyphFontSpec *, const Glyph *, int, int, int);
+static void xdrawglyphfontspecs(const XftGlyphFontSpec *, Glyph, int, int, int);
+static void xdrawglyph(Glyph, int, int);
 static void xhints(void);
 static void xclear(int, int, int, int);
 static void xdrawcursor(void);
@@ -418,12 +431,11 @@ static int xsetcolorname(int, const char *);
 static int xgeommasktogravity(int);
 static int xloadfont(Font *, FcPattern *);
 static void xloadfonts(char *, double);
-static int xloadfontset(Font *);
 static void xsettitle(char *);
 static void xresettitle(void);
 static void xsetpointermotion(int);
 static void xseturgency(int);
-static void xsetsel(char *);
+static void xsetsel(char *, Time);
 static void xtermclear(int, int, int, int);
 static void xunloadfont(Font *);
 static void xunloadfonts(void);
@@ -449,18 +461,20 @@ static void selinit(void);
 static void selnormalize(void);
 static inline bool selected(int, int);
 static char *getsel(void);
-static void selcopy(void);
+static void selcopy(Time);
 static void selscroll(int, int);
-static void selsnap(int, int *, int *, int);
+static void selsnap(int *, int *, int);
+static int x2col(int);
+static int y2row(int);
 static void getbuttoninfo(XEvent *);
 static void mousereport(XEvent *);
 
-static size_t utf8decode(char *, long *, size_t);
-static long utf8decodebyte(char, size_t *);
-static size_t utf8encode(long, char *, size_t);
-static char utf8encodebyte(long, size_t);
-static size_t utf8len(char *);
-static size_t utf8validate(long *, size_t);
+static size_t utf8decode(char *, Rune *, size_t);
+static Rune utf8decodebyte(char, size_t *);
+static size_t utf8encode(Rune, char *);
+static char utf8encodebyte(Rune, size_t);
+static char *utf8strchr(char *s, Rune u);
+static size_t utf8validate(Rune *, size_t);
 
 static ssize_t xwrite(int, const char *, size_t);
 static void *xmalloc(size_t);
@@ -506,6 +520,7 @@ static char *opt_title = NULL;
 static char *opt_embed = NULL;
 static char *opt_class = NULL;
 static char *opt_font = NULL;
+static char *opt_line = NULL;
 static int oldbutton = 3; /* button event on startup: 3 = release */
 
 static char *usedfont = NULL;
@@ -514,8 +529,8 @@ static double defaultfontsize = 0;
 
 static uchar utfbyte[UTF_SIZ + 1] = {0x80,    0, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0xF0};
 static uchar utfmask[UTF_SIZ + 1] = {0xC0, 0x80, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0xF8};
-static long utfmin[UTF_SIZ + 1] = {       0,    0,  0x80,  0x800,  0x10000};
-static long utfmax[UTF_SIZ + 1] = {0x10FFFF, 0x7F, 0x7FF, 0xFFFF, 0x10FFFF};
+static Rune utfmin[UTF_SIZ + 1] = {       0,    0,  0x80,  0x800,  0x10000};
+static Rune utfmax[UTF_SIZ + 1] = {0x10FFFF, 0x7F, 0x7FF, 0xFFFF, 0x10FFFF};
 
 /* Font Ring Cache */
 enum {
@@ -528,7 +543,7 @@ enum {
 typedef struct {
        XftFont *font;
        int flags;
-       long unicodep;
+       Rune unicodep;
 } Fontcache;
 
 /* Fontcache is an array now. A new font will be appended to the array. */
@@ -576,9 +591,9 @@ xstrdup(char *s) {
 }
 
 size_t
-utf8decode(char *c, long *u, size_t clen) {
+utf8decode(char *c, Rune *u, size_t clen) {
        size_t i, j, len, type;
-       long udecoded;
+       Rune udecoded;
 
        *u = UTF_INVALID;
        if(!clen)
@@ -598,7 +613,7 @@ utf8decode(char *c, long *u, size_t clen) {
        return len;
 }
 
-long
+Rune
 utf8decodebyte(char c, size_t *i) {
        for(*i = 0; *i < LEN(utfmask); ++(*i))
                if(((uchar)c & utfmask[*i]) == utfbyte[*i])
@@ -607,11 +622,11 @@ utf8decodebyte(char c, size_t *i) {
 }
 
 size_t
-utf8encode(long u, char *c, size_t clen) {
+utf8encode(Rune u, char *c) {
        size_t len, i;
 
        len = utf8validate(&u, 0);
-       if(clen < len)
+       if(len > UTF_SIZ)
                return 0;
        for(i = len - 1; i != 0; --i) {
                c[i] = utf8encodebyte(u, 0);
@@ -622,17 +637,27 @@ utf8encode(long u, char *c, size_t clen) {
 }
 
 char
-utf8encodebyte(long u, size_t i) {
+utf8encodebyte(Rune u, size_t i) {
        return utfbyte[i] | (u & ~utfmask[i]);
 }
 
-size_t
-utf8len(char *c) {
-       return utf8decode(c, &(long){0}, UTF_SIZ);
+char *
+utf8strchr(char *s, Rune u) {
+       Rune r;
+       size_t i, j, len;
+
+       len = strlen(s);
+       for(i = 0, j = 0; i < len; i += j) {
+               if(!(j = utf8decode(&s[i], &r, len - i)))
+                       break;
+               if(r == u)
+                       return &(s[i]);
+       }
+       return NULL;
 }
 
 size_t
-utf8validate(long *u, size_t i) {
+utf8validate(Rune *u, size_t i) {
        if(!BETWEEN(*u, utfmin[i], utfmax[i]) || BETWEEN(*u, 0xD800, 0xDFFF))
                *u = UTF_INVALID;
        for(i = 1; *u > utfmax[i]; ++i)
@@ -640,11 +665,11 @@ utf8validate(long *u, size_t i) {
        return i;
 }
 
-static void
+void
 selinit(void) {
        memset(&sel.tclick1, 0, sizeof(sel.tclick1));
        memset(&sel.tclick2, 0, sizeof(sel.tclick2));
-       sel.mode = 0;
+       sel.mode = SEL_IDLE;
        sel.ob.x = -1;
        sel.primary = NULL;
        sel.clipboard = NULL;
@@ -653,7 +678,7 @@ selinit(void) {
                sel.xtarget = XA_STRING;
 }
 
-static int
+int
 x2col(int x) {
        x -= borderpx;
        x /= xw.cw;
@@ -661,7 +686,7 @@ x2col(int x) {
        return LIMIT(x, 0, term.col-1);
 }
 
-static int
+int
 y2row(int y) {
        y -= borderpx;
        y /= xw.ch;
@@ -669,34 +694,35 @@ y2row(int y) {
        return LIMIT(y, 0, term.row-1);
 }
 
-static int tlinelen(int y) {
+int
+tlinelen(int y) {
        int i = term.col;
 
        if(term.line[y][i - 1].mode & ATTR_WRAP)
                return i;
 
-       while(i > 0 && term.line[y][i - 1].c[0] == ' ')
+       while(i > 0 && term.line[y][i - 1].u == ' ')
                --i;
 
        return i;
 }
 
-static void
+void
 selnormalize(void) {
        int i;
 
-       if(sel.ob.y == sel.oe.y || sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR) {
-               sel.nb.x = MIN(sel.ob.x, sel.oe.x);
-               sel.ne.x = MAX(sel.ob.x, sel.oe.x);
-       } else {
+       if(sel.type == SEL_REGULAR && sel.ob.y != sel.oe.y) {
                sel.nb.x = sel.ob.y < sel.oe.y ? sel.ob.x : sel.oe.x;
                sel.ne.x = sel.ob.y < sel.oe.y ? sel.oe.x : sel.ob.x;
+       } else {
+               sel.nb.x = MIN(sel.ob.x, sel.oe.x);
+               sel.ne.x = MAX(sel.ob.x, sel.oe.x);
        }
        sel.nb.y = MIN(sel.ob.y, sel.oe.y);
        sel.ne.y = MAX(sel.ob.y, sel.oe.y);
 
-       selsnap(sel.snap, &sel.nb.x, &sel.nb.y, -1);
-       selsnap(sel.snap, &sel.ne.x, &sel.ne.y, +1);
+       selsnap(&sel.nb.x, &sel.nb.y, -1);
+       selsnap(&sel.ne.x, &sel.ne.y, +1);
 
        /* expand selection over line breaks */
        if (sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR)
@@ -708,8 +734,11 @@ selnormalize(void) {
                sel.ne.x = term.col - 1;
 }
 
-static inline bool
+bool
 selected(int x, int y) {
+       if(sel.mode == SEL_EMPTY)
+               return false;
+
        if(sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR)
                return BETWEEN(y, sel.nb.y, sel.ne.y)
                    && BETWEEN(x, sel.nb.x, sel.ne.x);
@@ -720,19 +749,19 @@ selected(int x, int y) {
 }
 
 void
-selsnap(int mode, int *x, int *y, int direction) {
+selsnap(int *x, int *y, int direction) {
        int newx, newy, xt, yt;
        bool delim, prevdelim;
        Glyph *gp, *prevgp;
 
-       switch(mode) {
+       switch(sel.snap) {
        case SNAP_WORD:
                /*
                 * Snap around if the word wraps around at the end or
                 * beginning of a line.
                 */
                prevgp = &term.line[*y][*x];
-               prevdelim = strchr(worddelimiters, prevgp->c[0]) != NULL;
+               prevdelim = ISDELIM(prevgp->u);
                for(;;) {
                        newx = *x + direction;
                        newy = *y;
@@ -754,9 +783,9 @@ selsnap(int mode, int *x, int *y, int direction) {
                                break;
 
                        gp = &term.line[newy][newx];
-                       delim = strchr(worddelimiters, gp->c[0]) != NULL;
+                       delim = ISDELIM(gp->u);
                        if(!(gp->mode & ATTR_WDUMMY) && (delim != prevdelim
-                                       || (delim && gp->c[0] != prevgp->c[0])))
+                                       || (delim && gp->u != prevgp->u)))
                                break;
 
                        *x = newx;
@@ -772,15 +801,15 @@ selsnap(int mode, int *x, int *y, int direction) {
                 * previous line will be selected.
                 */
                *x = (direction < 0) ? 0 : term.col - 1;
-               if(direction < 0 && *y > 0) {
+               if(direction < 0) {
                        for(; *y > 0; *y += direction) {
                                if(!(term.line[*y-1][term.col-1].mode
                                                & ATTR_WRAP)) {
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
-               } else if(direction > 0 && *y < term.row-1) {
-                       for(; *y < term.row; *y += direction) {
+               } else if(direction > 0) {
+                       for(; *y < term.row-1; *y += direction) {
                                if(!(term.line[*y][term.col-1].mode
                                                & ATTR_WRAP)) {
                                        break;
@@ -855,12 +884,11 @@ mousereport(XEvent *e) {
        }
 
        if(!IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEX10)) {
-               button += (state & ShiftMask   ? 4  : 0)
-                       + (state & Mod4Mask    ? 8  : 0)
-                       + (state & ControlMask ? 16 : 0);
+               button += ((state & ShiftMask  ) ? 4  : 0)
+                       + ((state & Mod4Mask   ) ? 8  : 0)
+                       + ((state & ControlMask) ? 16 : 0);
        }
 
-       len = 0;
        if(IS_SET(MODE_MOUSESGR)) {
                len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\033[<%d;%d;%d%c",
                                button, x+1, y+1,
@@ -898,7 +926,7 @@ bpress(XEvent *e) {
 
                /* Clear previous selection, logically and visually. */
                selclear(NULL);
-               sel.mode = 1;
+               sel.mode = SEL_EMPTY;
                sel.type = SEL_REGULAR;
                sel.oe.x = sel.ob.x = x2col(e->xbutton.x);
                sel.oe.y = sel.ob.y = y2row(e->xbutton.y);
@@ -916,14 +944,9 @@ bpress(XEvent *e) {
                }
                selnormalize();
 
-               /*
-                * Draw selection, unless it's regular and we don't want to
-                * make clicks visible
-                */
-               if(sel.snap != 0) {
-                       sel.mode++;
-                       tsetdirt(sel.nb.y, sel.ne.y);
-               }
+               if(sel.snap != 0)
+                       sel.mode = SEL_READY;
+               tsetdirt(sel.nb.y, sel.ne.y);
                sel.tclick2 = sel.tclick1;
                sel.tclick1 = now;
        }
@@ -932,7 +955,7 @@ bpress(XEvent *e) {
 char *
 getsel(void) {
        char *str, *ptr;
-       int y, bufsize, size, lastx, linelen;
+       int y, bufsize, lastx, linelen;
        Glyph *gp, *last;
 
        if(sel.ob.x == -1)
@@ -942,7 +965,7 @@ getsel(void) {
        ptr = str = xmalloc(bufsize);
 
        /* append every set & selected glyph to the selection */
-       for(y = sel.nb.y; y < sel.ne.y + 1; y++) {
+       for(y = sel.nb.y; y <= sel.ne.y; y++) {
                linelen = tlinelen(y);
 
                if(sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR) {
@@ -953,16 +976,14 @@ getsel(void) {
                        lastx = (sel.ne.y == y) ? sel.ne.x : term.col-1;
                }
                last = &term.line[y][MIN(lastx, linelen-1)];
-               while(last >= gp && last->c[0] == ' ')
+               while(last >= gp && last->u == ' ')
                        --last;
 
                for( ; gp <= last; ++gp) {
                        if(gp->mode & ATTR_WDUMMY)
                                continue;
 
-                       size = utf8len(gp->c);
-                       memcpy(ptr, gp->c, size);
-                       ptr += size;
+                       ptr += utf8encode(gp->u, ptr);
                }
 
                /*
@@ -982,8 +1003,8 @@ getsel(void) {
 }
 
 void
-selcopy(void) {
-       xsetsel(getsel());
+selcopy(Time t) {
+       xsetsel(getsel(), t);
 }
 
 void
@@ -995,7 +1016,7 @@ selnotify(XEvent *e) {
        XSelectionEvent *xsev;
 
        ofs = 0;
-       xsev = (XSelectionEvent *)e;
+       xsev = &e->xselection;
        if (xsev->property == None)
            return;
        do {
@@ -1064,6 +1085,7 @@ void
 selclear(XEvent *e) {
        if(sel.ob.x == -1)
                return;
+       sel.mode = SEL_IDLE;
        sel.ob.x = -1;
        tsetdirt(sel.nb.y, sel.ne.y);
 }
@@ -1081,6 +1103,9 @@ selrequest(XEvent *e) {
        xev.selection = xsre->selection;
        xev.target = xsre->target;
        xev.time = xsre->time;
+       if (xsre->property == None)
+               xsre->property = xsre->target;
+
        /* reject */
        xev.property = None;
 
@@ -1123,11 +1148,13 @@ selrequest(XEvent *e) {
 }
 
 void
-xsetsel(char *str) {
+xsetsel(char *str, Time t) {
        free(sel.primary);
        sel.primary = str;
 
-       XSetSelectionOwner(xw.dpy, XA_PRIMARY, xw.win, CurrentTime);
+       XSetSelectionOwner(xw.dpy, XA_PRIMARY, xw.win, t);
+       if (XGetSelectionOwner(xw.dpy, XA_PRIMARY) != xw.win)
+               selclear(0);
 }
 
 void
@@ -1140,13 +1167,12 @@ brelease(XEvent *e) {
        if(e->xbutton.button == Button2) {
                selpaste(NULL);
        } else if(e->xbutton.button == Button1) {
-               if(sel.mode < 2) {
-                       selclear(NULL);
-               } else {
+               if(sel.mode == SEL_READY) {
                        getbuttoninfo(e);
-                       selcopy();
-               }
-               sel.mode = 0;
+                       selcopy(e->xbutton.time);
+               } else
+                       selclear(NULL);
+               sel.mode = SEL_IDLE;
                tsetdirt(sel.nb.y, sel.ne.y);
        }
 }
@@ -1163,7 +1189,7 @@ bmotion(XEvent *e) {
        if(!sel.mode)
                return;
 
-       sel.mode++;
+       sel.mode = SEL_READY;
        oldey = sel.oe.y;
        oldex = sel.oe.x;
        oldsby = sel.nb.y;
@@ -1236,21 +1262,70 @@ execsh(void) {
 void
 sigchld(int a) {
        int stat, ret;
+       pid_t p;
 
-       if(waitpid(pid, &stat, 0) < 0)
+       if((p = waitpid(pid, &stat, WNOHANG)) < 0)
                die("Waiting for pid %hd failed: %s\n", pid, strerror(errno));
 
+       if(pid != p)
+               return;
+
        ret = WIFEXITED(stat) ? WEXITSTATUS(stat) : EXIT_FAILURE;
        if (ret != EXIT_SUCCESS)
                die("child finished with error '%d'\n", stat);
        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
 }
 
+
+void
+stty(void)
+{
+       char cmd[_POSIX_ARG_MAX], **p, *q, *s;
+       size_t n, siz;
+
+       if((n = strlen(stty_args)) > sizeof(cmd)-1)
+               die("incorrect stty parameters\n");
+       memcpy(cmd, stty_args, n);
+       q = cmd + n;
+       siz = sizeof(cmd) - n;
+       for(p = opt_cmd; p && (s = *p); ++p) {
+               if((n = strlen(s)) > siz-1)
+                       die("stty parameter length too long\n");
+               *q++ = ' ';
+               q = memcpy(q, s, n);
+               q += n;
+               siz-= n + 1;
+       }
+       *q = '\0';
+       if (system(cmd) != 0)
+           perror("Couldn't call stty");
+}
+
 void
 ttynew(void) {
        int m, s;
        struct winsize w = {term.row, term.col, 0, 0};
 
+       if(opt_io) {
+               term.mode |= MODE_PRINT;
+               iofd = (!strcmp(opt_io, "-")) ?
+                         STDOUT_FILENO :
+                         open(opt_io, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
+               if(iofd < 0) {
+                       fprintf(stderr, "Error opening %s:%s\n",
+                               opt_io, strerror(errno));
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (opt_line) {
+               if((cmdfd = open(opt_line, O_RDWR)) < 0)
+                       die("open line failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+               close(STDIN_FILENO);
+               dup(cmdfd);
+               stty();
+               return;
+       }
+
        /* seems to work fine on linux, openbsd and freebsd */
        if(openpty(&m, &s, NULL, NULL, &w) < 0)
                die("openpty failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
@@ -1260,6 +1335,7 @@ ttynew(void) {
                die("fork failed\n");
                break;
        case 0:
+               close(iofd);
                setsid(); /* create a new process group */
                dup2(s, STDIN_FILENO);
                dup2(s, STDOUT_FILENO);
@@ -1274,16 +1350,6 @@ ttynew(void) {
                close(s);
                cmdfd = m;
                signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld);
-               if(opt_io) {
-                       term.mode |= MODE_PRINT;
-                       iofd = (!strcmp(opt_io, "-")) ?
-                                 STDOUT_FILENO :
-                                 open(opt_io, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
-                       if(iofd < 0) {
-                               fprintf(stderr, "Error opening %s:%s\n",
-                                       opt_io, strerror(errno));
-                       }
-               }
                break;
        }
 }
@@ -1293,9 +1359,8 @@ ttyread(void) {
        static char buf[BUFSIZ];
        static int buflen = 0;
        char *ptr;
-       char s[UTF_SIZ];
        int charsize; /* size of utf8 char in bytes */
-       long unicodep;
+       Rune unicodep;
        int ret;
 
        /* append read bytes to unprocessed bytes */
@@ -1306,8 +1371,7 @@ ttyread(void) {
        buflen += ret;
        ptr = buf;
        while((charsize = utf8decode(ptr, &unicodep, buflen))) {
-               utf8encode(unicodep, s, UTF_SIZ);
-               tputc(s, charsize);
+               tputc(unicodep);
                ptr += charsize;
                buflen -= charsize;
        }
@@ -1324,9 +1388,16 @@ ttywrite(const char *s, size_t n) {
 
 void
 ttysend(char *s, size_t n) {
+       int len;
+       Rune u;
+
        ttywrite(s, n);
        if(IS_SET(MODE_ECHO))
-               techo(s, n);
+               while((len = utf8decode(s, &u, n)) > 0) {
+                       techo(u);
+                       n -= len;
+                       s += len;
+               }
 }
 
 void
@@ -1414,7 +1485,7 @@ treset(void) {
        term.top = 0;
        term.bot = term.row - 1;
        term.mode = MODE_WRAP;
-       memset(term.trantbl, sizeof(term.trantbl), CS_USA);
+       memset(term.trantbl, CS_USA, sizeof(term.trantbl));
        term.charset = 0;
 
        for(i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
@@ -1569,15 +1640,13 @@ tmoveto(int x, int y) {
                miny = 0;
                maxy = term.row - 1;
        }
-       LIMIT(x, 0, term.col-1);
-       LIMIT(y, miny, maxy);
        term.c.state &= ~CURSOR_WRAPNEXT;
-       term.c.x = x;
-       term.c.y = y;
+       term.c.x = LIMIT(x, 0, term.col-1);
+       term.c.y = LIMIT(y, miny, maxy);
 }
 
 void
-tsetchar(char *c, Glyph *attr, int x, int y) {
+tsetchar(Rune u, Glyph *attr, int x, int y) {
        static char *vt100_0[62] = { /* 0x41 - 0x7e */
                "↑", "↓", "→", "←", "█", "▚", "☃", /* A - G */
                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* H - O */
@@ -1592,25 +1661,23 @@ tsetchar(char *c, Glyph *attr, int x, int y) {
        /*
         * The table is proudly stolen from rxvt.
         */
-       if(term.trantbl[term.charset] == CS_GRAPHIC0) {
-               if(BETWEEN(c[0], 0x41, 0x7e) && vt100_0[c[0] - 0x41]) {
-                       c = vt100_0[c[0] - 0x41];
-               }
-       }
+       if(term.trantbl[term.charset] == CS_GRAPHIC0 &&
+          BETWEEN(u, 0x41, 0x7e) && vt100_0[u - 0x41])
+               utf8decode(vt100_0[u - 0x41], &u, UTF_SIZ);
 
        if(term.line[y][x].mode & ATTR_WIDE) {
                if(x+1 < term.col) {
-                       term.line[y][x+1].c[0] = ' ';
+                       term.line[y][x+1].u = ' ';
                        term.line[y][x+1].mode &= ~ATTR_WDUMMY;
                }
        } else if(term.line[y][x].mode & ATTR_WDUMMY) {
-               term.line[y][x-1].c[0] = ' ';
+               term.line[y][x-1].u = ' ';
                term.line[y][x-1].mode &= ~ATTR_WIDE;
        }
 
        term.dirty[y] = 1;
        term.line[y][x] = *attr;
-       memcpy(term.line[y][x].c, c, UTF_SIZ);
+       term.line[y][x].u = u;
 }
 
 void
@@ -1637,7 +1704,7 @@ tclearregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
                        gp->fg = term.c.attr.fg;
                        gp->bg = term.c.attr.bg;
                        gp->mode = 0;
-                       memcpy(gp->c, " ", 2);
+                       gp->u = ' ';
                }
        }
 }
@@ -1704,7 +1771,7 @@ tdefcolor(int *attr, int *npar, int l) {
                b = attr[*npar + 4];
                *npar += 4;
                if(!BETWEEN(r, 0, 255) || !BETWEEN(g, 0, 255) || !BETWEEN(b, 0, 255))
-                       fprintf(stderr, "erresc: bad rgb color (%d,%d,%d)\n",
+                       fprintf(stderr, "erresc: bad rgb color (%u,%u,%u)\n",
                                r, g, b);
                else
                        idx = TRUECOLOR(r, g, b);
@@ -2226,8 +2293,7 @@ strhandle(void) {
 
        term.esc &= ~(ESC_STR_END|ESC_STR);
        strparse();
-       narg = strescseq.narg;
-       par = atoi(strescseq.args[0]);
+       par = (narg = strescseq.narg) ? atoi(strescseq.args[0]) : 0;
 
        switch(strescseq.type) {
        case ']': /* OSC -- Operating System Command */
@@ -2358,13 +2424,14 @@ tdumpsel(void) {
 
 void
 tdumpline(int n) {
+       char buf[UTF_SIZ];
        Glyph *bp, *end;
 
        bp = &term.line[n][0];
        end = &bp[MIN(tlinelen(n), term.col) - 1];
-       if(bp != end || bp->c[0] != ' ') {
+       if(bp != end || bp->u != ' ') {
                for( ;bp <= end; ++bp)
-                       tprinter(bp->c, utf8len(bp->c));
+                       tprinter(buf, utf8encode(bp->u, buf));
        }
        tprinter("\n", 1);
 }
@@ -2394,26 +2461,18 @@ tputtab(int n) {
 }
 
 void
-techo(char *buf, int len) {
-       for(; len > 0; buf++, len--) {
-               char c = *buf;
-
-               if(ISCONTROL((uchar) c)) { /* control code */
-                       if(c & 0x80) {
-                               c &= 0x7f;
-                               tputc("^", 1);
-                               tputc("[", 1);
-                       } else if(c != '\n' && c != '\r' && c != '\t') {
-                               c ^= 0x40;
-                               tputc("^", 1);
-                       }
-                       tputc(&c, 1);
-               } else {
-                       break;
+techo(Rune u) {
+       if(ISCONTROL(u)) { /* control code */
+               if(u & 0x80) {
+                       u &= 0x7f;
+                       tputc('^');
+                       tputc('[');
+               } else if(u != '\n' && u != '\r' && u != '\t') {
+                       u ^= 0x40;
+                       tputc('^');
                }
        }
-       if(len)
-               tputc(buf, len);
+       tputc(u);
 }
 
 void
@@ -2431,45 +2490,39 @@ tdeftran(char ascii) {
 
 void
 tdectest(char c) {
-       static char E[UTF_SIZ] = "E";
        int x, y;
 
        if(c == '8') { /* DEC screen alignment test. */
                for(x = 0; x < term.col; ++x) {
                        for(y = 0; y < term.row; ++y)
-                               tsetchar(E, &term.c.attr, x, y);
+                               tsetchar('E', &term.c.attr, x, y);
                }
        }
 }
 
 void
 tstrsequence(uchar c) {
-       if (c & 0x80) {
-               switch (c) {
-               case 0x90:   /* DCS -- Device Control String */
-                       c = 'P';
-                       break;
-               case 0x9f:   /* APC -- Application Program Command */
-                       c = '_';
-                       break;
-               case 0x9e:   /* PM -- Privacy Message */
-                       c = '^';
-                       break;
-               case 0x9d:   /* OSC -- Operating System Command */
-                       c = ']';
-                       break;
-               }
+       switch (c) {
+       case 0x90:   /* DCS -- Device Control String */
+               c = 'P';
+               break;
+       case 0x9f:   /* APC -- Application Program Command */
+               c = '_';
+               break;
+       case 0x9e:   /* PM -- Privacy Message */
+               c = '^';
+               break;
+       case 0x9d:   /* OSC -- Operating System Command */
+               c = ']';
+               break;
        }
        strreset();
        strescseq.type = c;
        term.esc |= ESC_STR;
-       return;
 }
 
 void
 tcontrolcode(uchar ascii) {
-       static char question[UTF_SIZ] = "?";
-
        switch(ascii) {
        case '\t':   /* HT */
                tputtab(1);
@@ -2507,7 +2560,7 @@ tcontrolcode(uchar ascii) {
                term.charset = 1 - (ascii - '\016');
                return;
        case '\032': /* SUB */
-               tsetchar(question, &term.c.attr, term.c.x, term.c.y);
+               tsetchar('?', &term.c.attr, term.c.x, term.c.y);
        case '\030': /* CAN */
                csireset();
                break;
@@ -2545,7 +2598,6 @@ tcontrolcode(uchar ascii) {
        }
        /* only CAN, SUB, \a and C1 chars interrupt a sequence */
        term.esc &= ~(ESC_STR_END|ESC_STR);
-       return;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2632,28 +2684,21 @@ eschandle(uchar ascii) {
 }
 
 void
-tputc(char *c, int len) {
-       uchar ascii;
+tputc(Rune u) {
+       char c[UTF_SIZ];
        bool control;
-       long unicodep;
-       int width;
+       int width, len;
        Glyph *gp;
 
-       if(len == 1) {
+       len = utf8encode(u, c);
+       if((width = wcwidth(u)) == -1) {
+               memcpy(c, "\357\277\275", 4); /* UTF_INVALID */
                width = 1;
-               unicodep = ascii = *c;
-       } else {
-               utf8decode(c, &unicodep, UTF_SIZ);
-               if ((width = wcwidth(unicodep)) == -1) {
-                       c = "\357\277\275";     /* UTF_INVALID */
-                       width = 1;
-               }
-               ascii = unicodep;
        }
 
        if(IS_SET(MODE_PRINT))
                tprinter(c, len);
-       control = ISCONTROL(unicodep);
+       control = ISCONTROL(u);
 
        /*
         * STR sequence must be checked before anything else
@@ -2662,10 +2707,8 @@ tputc(char *c, int len) {
         * character.
         */
        if(term.esc & ESC_STR) {
-               if(len == 1 &&
-                  (ascii == '\a' || ascii == 030 ||
-                   ascii == 032  || ascii == 033 ||
-                   ISCONTROLC1(unicodep))) {
+               if(u == '\a' || u == 030 || u == 032 || u == 033 ||
+                  ISCONTROLC1(u)) {
                        term.esc &= ~(ESC_START|ESC_STR);
                        term.esc |= ESC_STR_END;
                } else if(strescseq.len + len < sizeof(strescseq.buf) - 1) {
@@ -2696,15 +2739,15 @@ tputc(char *c, int len) {
         * they must not cause conflicts with sequences.
         */
        if(control) {
-               tcontrolcode(ascii);
+               tcontrolcode(u);
                /*
                 * control codes are not shown ever
                 */
                return;
        } else if(term.esc & ESC_START) {
                if(term.esc & ESC_CSI) {
-                       csiescseq.buf[csiescseq.len++] = ascii;
-                       if(BETWEEN(ascii, 0x40, 0x7E)
+                       csiescseq.buf[csiescseq.len++] = u;
+                       if(BETWEEN(u, 0x40, 0x7E)
                                        || csiescseq.len >= \
                                        sizeof(csiescseq.buf)-1) {
                                term.esc = 0;
@@ -2713,11 +2756,11 @@ tputc(char *c, int len) {
                        }
                        return;
                } else if(term.esc & ESC_ALTCHARSET) {
-                       tdeftran(ascii);
+                       tdeftran(u);
                } else if(term.esc & ESC_TEST) {
-                       tdectest(ascii);
+                       tdectest(u);
                } else {
-                       if (!eschandle(ascii))
+                       if (!eschandle(u))
                                return;
                        /* sequence already finished */
                }
@@ -2746,12 +2789,12 @@ tputc(char *c, int len) {
                gp = &term.line[term.c.y][term.c.x];
        }
 
-       tsetchar(c, &term.c.attr, term.c.x, term.c.y);
+       tsetchar(u, &term.c.attr, term.c.x, term.c.y);
 
        if(width == 2) {
                gp->mode |= ATTR_WIDE;
                if(term.c.x+1 < term.col) {
-                       gp[1].c[0] = '\0';
+                       gp[1].u = '\0';
                        gp[1].mode = ATTR_WDUMMY;
                }
        }
@@ -2767,7 +2810,6 @@ tresize(int col, int row) {
        int i;
        int minrow = MIN(row, term.row);
        int mincol = MIN(col, term.col);
-       int slide = term.c.y - row + 1;
        bool *bp;
        TCursor c;
 
@@ -2777,26 +2819,28 @@ tresize(int col, int row) {
                return;
        }
 
-       /* free unneeded rows */
-       i = 0;
-       if(slide > 0) {
-               /*
-                * slide screen to keep cursor where we expect it -
-                * tscrollup would work here, but we can optimize to
-                * memmove because we're freeing the earlier lines
-                */
-               for(/* i = 0 */; i < slide; i++) {
-                       free(term.line[i]);
-                       free(term.alt[i]);
-               }
-               memmove(term.line, term.line + slide, row * sizeof(Line));
-               memmove(term.alt, term.alt + slide, row * sizeof(Line));
+       /*
+        * slide screen to keep cursor where we expect it -
+        * tscrollup would work here, but we can optimize to
+        * memmove because we're freeing the earlier lines
+        */
+       for(i = 0; i <= term.c.y - row; i++) {
+               free(term.line[i]);
+               free(term.alt[i]);
+       }
+       /* ensure that both src and dst are not NULL */
+       if (i > 0) {
+               memmove(term.line, term.line + i, row * sizeof(Line));
+               memmove(term.alt, term.alt + i, row * sizeof(Line));
        }
        for(i += row; i < term.row; i++) {
                free(term.line[i]);
                free(term.alt[i]);
        }
 
+       /* resize to new width */
+       term.specbuf = xrealloc(term.specbuf, col * sizeof(XftGlyphFontSpec));
+
        /* resize to new height */
        term.line = xrealloc(term.line, row * sizeof(Line));
        term.alt  = xrealloc(term.alt,  row * sizeof(Line));
@@ -2857,87 +2901,63 @@ xresize(int col, int row) {
        xclear(0, 0, xw.w, xw.h);
 }
 
-static inline ushort
+ushort
 sixd_to_16bit(int x) {
        return x == 0 ? 0 : 0x3737 + 0x2828 * x;
 }
 
+bool
+xloadcolor(int i, const char *name, Color *ncolor) {
+       XRenderColor color = { .alpha = 0xffff };
+
+       if(!name) {
+               if(BETWEEN(i, 16, 255)) { /* 256 color */
+                       if(i < 6*6*6+16) { /* same colors as xterm */
+                               color.red   = sixd_to_16bit( ((i-16)/36)%6 );
+                               color.green = sixd_to_16bit( ((i-16)/6) %6 );
+                               color.blue  = sixd_to_16bit( ((i-16)/1) %6 );
+                       } else { /* greyscale */
+                               color.red = 0x0808 + 0x0a0a * (i - (6*6*6+16));
+                               color.green = color.blue = color.red;
+                       }
+                       return XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis,
+                                                 xw.cmap, &color, ncolor);
+               } else
+                       name = colorname[i];
+       }
+       return XftColorAllocName(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, name, ncolor);
+}
+
 void
 xloadcols(void) {
        int i;
-       XRenderColor color = { .alpha = 0xffff };
        static bool loaded;
        Color *cp;
 
        if(loaded) {
-               for (cp = dc.col; cp < dc.col + LEN(dc.col); ++cp)
+               for (cp = dc.col; cp < &dc.col[LEN(dc.col)]; ++cp)
                        XftColorFree(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, cp);
        }
 
-       /* load colors [0-15] and [256-LEN(colorname)] (config.h) */
-       for(i = 0; i < LEN(colorname); i++) {
-               if(!colorname[i])
-                       continue;
-               if(!XftColorAllocName(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, colorname[i], &dc.col[i])) {
-                       die("Could not allocate color '%s'\n", colorname[i]);
+       for(i = 0; i < LEN(dc.col); i++)
+               if(!xloadcolor(i, NULL, &dc.col[i])) {
+                       if(colorname[i])
+                               die("Could not allocate color '%s'\n", colorname[i]);
+                       else
+                               die("Could not allocate color %d\n", i);
                }
-       }
-
-       /* load colors [16-231] ; same colors as xterm */
-       for(i = 16; i < 6*6*6+16; i++) {
-               color.red   = sixd_to_16bit( ((i-16)/36)%6 );
-               color.green = sixd_to_16bit( ((i-16)/6) %6 );
-               color.blue  = sixd_to_16bit( ((i-16)/1) %6 );
-               if(!XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &color, &dc.col[i]))
-                       die("Could not allocate color %d\n", i);
-       }
-
-       /* load colors [232-255] ; grayscale */
-       for(; i < 256; i++) {
-               color.red = color.green = color.blue = 0x0808 + 0x0a0a * (i-(6*6*6+16));
-               if(!XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &color, &dc.col[i]))
-                       die("Could not allocate color %d\n", i);
-       }
        loaded = true;
 }
 
 int
 xsetcolorname(int x, const char *name) {
-       XRenderColor color = { .alpha = 0xffff };
        Color ncolor;
 
-       if(!BETWEEN(x, 0, LEN(colorname)))
+       if(!BETWEEN(x, 0, LEN(dc.col)))
                return 1;
 
-       if(!name) {
-               if(BETWEEN(x, 16, 16 + 215)) { /* 256 color */
-                       color.red   = sixd_to_16bit( ((x-16)/36)%6 );
-                       color.green = sixd_to_16bit( ((x-16)/6) %6 );
-                       color.blue  = sixd_to_16bit( ((x-16)/1) %6 );
-                       if(!XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis,
-                                               xw.cmap, &color, &ncolor)) {
-                               return 1;
-                       }
-
-                       XftColorFree(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &dc.col[x]);
-                       dc.col[x] = ncolor;
-                       return 0;
-               } else if(BETWEEN(x, 16 + 216, 255)) { /* greyscale */
-                       color.red = color.green = color.blue = \
-                                   0x0808 + 0x0a0a * (x - (16 + 216));
-                       if(!XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis,
-                                               xw.cmap, &color, &ncolor)) {
-                               return 1;
-                       }
 
-                       XftColorFree(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &dc.col[x]);
-                       dc.col[x] = ncolor;
-                       return 0;
-               } else { /* system colors */
-                       name = colorname[x];
-               }
-       }
-       if(!XftColorAllocName(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, name, &ncolor))
+       if(!xloadcolor(x, name, &ncolor))
                return 1;
 
        XftColorFree(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &dc.col[x]);
@@ -3113,15 +3133,6 @@ xloadfonts(char *fontstr, double fontsize) {
        FcPatternDestroy(pattern);
 }
 
-int
-xloadfontset(Font *f) {
-       FcResult result;
-
-       if(!(f->set = FcFontSort(0, f->pattern, FcTrue, 0, &result)))
-               return 1;
-       return 0;
-}
-
 void
 xunloadfont(Font *f) {
        XftFontClose(xw.dpy, f->match);
@@ -3268,38 +3279,155 @@ xinit(void) {
        XSync(xw.dpy, False);
 }
 
-void
-xdraws(char *s, Glyph base, int x, int y, int charlen, int bytelen) {
-       int winx = borderpx + x * xw.cw, winy = borderpx + y * xw.ch,
-           width = charlen * xw.cw, xp, i;
-       int frcflags, charexists;
-       int u8fl, u8fblen, u8cblen, doesexist;
-       char *u8c, *u8fs;
-       long unicodep;
+int
+xmakeglyphfontspecs(XftGlyphFontSpec *specs, const Glyph *glyphs, int len, int x, int y)
+{
+       float winx = borderpx + x * xw.cw, winy = borderpx + y * xw.ch, xp, yp;
+       ushort mode, prevmode = USHRT_MAX;
        Font *font = &dc.font;
+       int frcflags = FRC_NORMAL;
+       float runewidth = xw.cw;
+       Rune rune;
+       FT_UInt glyphidx;
        FcResult fcres;
        FcPattern *fcpattern, *fontpattern;
        FcFontSet *fcsets[] = { NULL };
        FcCharSet *fccharset;
+       int i, f, numspecs = 0;
+
+       for(i = 0, xp = winx, yp = winy + font->ascent; i < len; ++i) {
+               /* Fetch rune and mode for current glyph. */
+               rune = glyphs[i].u;
+               mode = glyphs[i].mode;
+
+               /* Skip dummy wide-character spacing. */
+               if(mode == ATTR_WDUMMY)
+                       continue;
+
+               /* Determine font for glyph if different from previous glyph. */
+               if(prevmode != mode) {
+                       prevmode = mode;
+                       font = &dc.font;
+                       frcflags = FRC_NORMAL;
+                       runewidth = xw.cw * ((mode & ATTR_WIDE) ? 2.0f : 1.0f);
+                       if((mode & ATTR_ITALIC) && (mode & ATTR_BOLD)) {
+                               font = &dc.ibfont;
+                               frcflags = FRC_ITALICBOLD;
+                       } else if(mode & ATTR_ITALIC) {
+                               font = &dc.ifont;
+                               frcflags = FRC_ITALIC;
+                       } else if(mode & ATTR_BOLD) {
+                               font = &dc.bfont;
+                               frcflags = FRC_BOLD;
+                       }
+                       yp = winy + font->ascent;
+               }
+
+               /* Lookup character index with default font. */
+               glyphidx = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, font->match, rune);
+               if(glyphidx) {
+                       specs[numspecs].font = font->match;
+                       specs[numspecs].glyph = glyphidx;
+                       specs[numspecs].x = (short)xp;
+                       specs[numspecs].y = (short)yp;
+                       xp += runewidth;
+                       numspecs++;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               /* Fallback on font cache, search the font cache for match. */
+               for(f = 0; f < frclen; f++) {
+                       glyphidx = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, frc[f].font, rune);
+                       /* Everything correct. */
+                       if(glyphidx && frc[f].flags == frcflags)
+                               break;
+                       /* We got a default font for a not found glyph. */
+                       if(!glyphidx && frc[f].flags == frcflags
+                                       && frc[f].unicodep == rune) {
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               /* Nothing was found. Use fontconfig to find matching font. */
+               if(f >= frclen) {
+                       if(!font->set)
+                               font->set = FcFontSort(0, font->pattern,
+                                                      FcTrue, 0, &fcres);
+                       fcsets[0] = font->set;
+
+                       /*
+                        * Nothing was found in the cache. Now use
+                        * some dozen of Fontconfig calls to get the
+                        * font for one single character.
+                        *
+                        * Xft and fontconfig are design failures.
+                        */
+                       fcpattern = FcPatternDuplicate(font->pattern);
+                       fccharset = FcCharSetCreate();
+
+                       FcCharSetAddChar(fccharset, rune);
+                       FcPatternAddCharSet(fcpattern, FC_CHARSET,
+                                       fccharset);
+                       FcPatternAddBool(fcpattern, FC_SCALABLE,
+                                       FcTrue);
+
+                       FcConfigSubstitute(0, fcpattern,
+                                       FcMatchPattern);
+                       FcDefaultSubstitute(fcpattern);
+
+                       fontpattern = FcFontSetMatch(0, fcsets, 1,
+                                       fcpattern, &fcres);
+
+                       /*
+                        * Overwrite or create the new cache entry.
+                        */
+                       if(frclen >= LEN(frc)) {
+                               frclen = LEN(frc) - 1;
+                               XftFontClose(xw.dpy, frc[frclen].font);
+                               frc[frclen].unicodep = 0;
+                       }
+
+                       frc[frclen].font = XftFontOpenPattern(xw.dpy,
+                                       fontpattern);
+                       frc[frclen].flags = frcflags;
+                       frc[frclen].unicodep = rune;
+
+                       glyphidx = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, frc[frclen].font, rune);
+
+                       f = frclen;
+                       frclen++;
+
+                       FcPatternDestroy(fcpattern);
+                       FcCharSetDestroy(fccharset);
+               }
+
+               specs[numspecs].font = frc[f].font;
+               specs[numspecs].glyph = glyphidx;
+               specs[numspecs].x = (short)xp;
+               specs[numspecs].y = (short)(winy + frc[f].font->ascent);
+               xp += runewidth;
+               numspecs++;
+       }
+
+       return numspecs;
+}
+
+void
+xdrawglyphfontspecs(const XftGlyphFontSpec *specs, Glyph base, int len, int x, int y) {
+       int charlen = len * ((base.mode & ATTR_WIDE) ? 2 : 1);
+       int winx = borderpx + x * xw.cw, winy = borderpx + y * xw.ch,
+           width = charlen * xw.cw;
        Color *fg, *bg, *temp, revfg, revbg, truefg, truebg;
        XRenderColor colfg, colbg;
        XRectangle r;
-       int oneatatime;
-
-       frcflags = FRC_NORMAL;
 
-       if(base.mode & ATTR_ITALIC) {
-               if(base.fg == defaultfg)
+       /* Determine foreground and background colors based on mode. */
+       if(base.fg == defaultfg) {
+               if(base.mode & ATTR_ITALIC)
                        base.fg = defaultitalic;
-               font = &dc.ifont;
-               frcflags = FRC_ITALIC;
-       } else if((base.mode & ATTR_ITALIC) && (base.mode & ATTR_BOLD)) {
-               if(base.fg == defaultfg)
+               else if((base.mode & ATTR_ITALIC) && (base.mode & ATTR_BOLD))
                        base.fg = defaultitalic;
-               font = &dc.ibfont;
-               frcflags = FRC_ITALICBOLD;
-       } else if(base.mode & ATTR_UNDERLINE) {
-               if(base.fg == defaultfg)
+               else if(base.mode & ATTR_UNDERLINE)
                        base.fg = defaultunderline;
        }
 
@@ -3325,22 +3453,9 @@ xdraws(char *s, Glyph base, int x, int y, int charlen, int bytelen) {
                bg = &dc.col[base.bg];
        }
 
-       if(base.mode & ATTR_BOLD) {
-               /*
-                * change basic system colors [0-7]
-                * to bright system colors [8-15]
-                */
-               if(BETWEEN(base.fg, 0, 7) && !(base.mode & ATTR_FAINT))
-                       fg = &dc.col[base.fg + 8];
-
-               if(base.mode & ATTR_ITALIC) {
-                       font = &dc.ibfont;
-                       frcflags = FRC_ITALICBOLD;
-               } else {
-                       font = &dc.bfont;
-                       frcflags = FRC_BOLD;
-               }
-       }
+       /* Change basic system colors [0-7] to bright system colors [8-15] */
+       if((base.mode & ATTR_BOLD_FAINT) == ATTR_BOLD && BETWEEN(base.fg, 0, 7))
+               fg = &dc.col[base.fg + 8];
 
        if(IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)) {
                if(fg == &dc.col[defaultfg]) {
@@ -3374,7 +3489,7 @@ xdraws(char *s, Glyph base, int x, int y, int charlen, int bytelen) {
                bg = temp;
        }
 
-       if(base.mode & ATTR_FAINT && !(base.mode & ATTR_BOLD)) {
+       if((base.mode & ATTR_BOLD_FAINT) == ATTR_FAINT) {
                colfg.red = fg->color.red / 2;
                colfg.green = fg->color.green / 2;
                colfg.blue = fg->color.blue / 2;
@@ -3412,135 +3527,17 @@ xdraws(char *s, Glyph base, int x, int y, int charlen, int bytelen) {
        r.width = width;
        XftDrawSetClipRectangles(xw.draw, winx, winy, &r, 1);
 
-       for(xp = winx; bytelen > 0;) {
-               /*
-                * Search for the range in the to be printed string of glyphs
-                * that are in the main font. Then print that range. If
-                * some glyph is found that is not in the font, do the
-                * fallback dance.
-                */
-               u8fs = s;
-               u8fblen = 0;
-               u8fl = 0;
-               oneatatime = font->width != xw.cw;
-               for(;;) {
-                       u8c = s;
-                       u8cblen = utf8decode(s, &unicodep, UTF_SIZ);
-                       s += u8cblen;
-                       bytelen -= u8cblen;
-
-                       doesexist = XftCharExists(xw.dpy, font->match, unicodep);
-                       if(doesexist) {
-                                       u8fl++;
-                                       u8fblen += u8cblen;
-                                       if(!oneatatime && bytelen > 0)
-                                                       continue;
-                       }
-
-                       if(u8fl > 0) {
-                               XftDrawStringUtf8(xw.draw, fg,
-                                               font->match, xp,
-                                               winy + font->ascent,
-                                               (FcChar8 *)u8fs,
-                                               u8fblen);
-                               xp += xw.cw * u8fl;
-                       }
-                       break;
-               }
-               if(doesexist) {
-                       if(oneatatime)
-                               continue;
-                       break;
-               }
-
-               /* Search the font cache. */
-               for(i = 0; i < frclen; i++) {
-                       charexists = XftCharExists(xw.dpy, frc[i].font, unicodep);
-                       /* Everything correct. */
-                       if(charexists && frc[i].flags == frcflags)
-                               break;
-                       /* We got a default font for a not found glyph. */
-                       if(!charexists && frc[i].flags == frcflags \
-                                       && frc[i].unicodep == unicodep) {
-                               break;
-                       }
-               }
-
-               /* Nothing was found. */
-               if(i >= frclen) {
-                       if(!font->set)
-                               xloadfontset(font);
-                       fcsets[0] = font->set;
-
-                       /*
-                        * Nothing was found in the cache. Now use
-                        * some dozen of Fontconfig calls to get the
-                        * font for one single character.
-                        *
-                        * Xft and fontconfig are design failures.
-                        */
-                       fcpattern = FcPatternDuplicate(font->pattern);
-                       fccharset = FcCharSetCreate();
-
-                       FcCharSetAddChar(fccharset, unicodep);
-                       FcPatternAddCharSet(fcpattern, FC_CHARSET,
-                                       fccharset);
-                       FcPatternAddBool(fcpattern, FC_SCALABLE,
-                                       FcTrue);
-
-                       FcConfigSubstitute(0, fcpattern,
-                                       FcMatchPattern);
-                       FcDefaultSubstitute(fcpattern);
-
-                       fontpattern = FcFontSetMatch(0, fcsets, 1,
-                                       fcpattern, &fcres);
-
-                       /*
-                        * Overwrite or create the new cache entry.
-                        */
-                       if(frclen >= LEN(frc)) {
-                               frclen = LEN(frc) - 1;
-                               XftFontClose(xw.dpy, frc[frclen].font);
-                               frc[frclen].unicodep = 0;
-                       }
-
-                       frc[frclen].font = XftFontOpenPattern(xw.dpy,
-                                       fontpattern);
-                       frc[frclen].flags = frcflags;
-                       frc[frclen].unicodep = unicodep;
-
-                       i = frclen;
-                       frclen++;
-
-                       FcPatternDestroy(fcpattern);
-                       FcCharSetDestroy(fccharset);
-               }
-
-               XftDrawStringUtf8(xw.draw, fg, frc[i].font,
-                               xp, winy + frc[i].font->ascent,
-                               (FcChar8 *)u8c, u8cblen);
-
-               xp += xw.cw * wcwidth(unicodep);
-       }
-
-       /*
-        * This is how the loop above actually should be. Why does the
-        * application have to care about font details?
-        *
-        * I have to repeat: Xft and Fontconfig are design failures.
-        */
-       /*
-       XftDrawStringUtf8(xw.draw, fg, font->set, winx,
-                       winy + font->ascent, (FcChar8 *)s, bytelen);
-       */
+       /* Render the glyphs. */
+       XftDrawGlyphFontSpec(xw.draw, fg, specs, len);
 
+       /* Render underline and strikethrough. */
        if(base.mode & ATTR_UNDERLINE) {
-               XftDrawRect(xw.draw, fg, winx, winy + font->ascent + 1,
+               XftDrawRect(xw.draw, fg, winx, winy + dc.font.ascent + 1,
                                width, 1);
        }
 
        if(base.mode & ATTR_STRUCK) {
-               XftDrawRect(xw.draw, fg, winx, winy + 2 * font->ascent / 3,
+               XftDrawRect(xw.draw, fg, winx, winy + 2 * dc.font.ascent / 3,
                                width, 1);
        }
 
@@ -3548,11 +3545,19 @@ xdraws(char *s, Glyph base, int x, int y, int charlen, int bytelen) {
        XftDrawSetClip(xw.draw, 0);
 }
 
+void
+xdrawglyph(Glyph g, int x, int y) {
+       int numspecs;
+       XftGlyphFontSpec spec;
+       numspecs = xmakeglyphfontspecs(&spec, &g, 1, x, y);
+       xdrawglyphfontspecs(&spec, g, numspecs, x, y);
+}
+
 void
 xdrawcursor(void) {
        static int oldx = 0, oldy = 0;
-       int sl, width, curx;
-       Glyph g = {{' '}, ATTR_NULL, defaultbg, defaultcs};
+       int curx;
+       Glyph g = {' ', ATTR_NULL, defaultbg, defaultcs};
 
        LIMIT(oldx, 0, term.col-1);
        LIMIT(oldy, 0, term.row-1);
@@ -3565,13 +3570,10 @@ xdrawcursor(void) {
        if(term.line[term.c.y][curx].mode & ATTR_WDUMMY)
                curx--;
 
-       memcpy(g.c, term.line[term.c.y][term.c.x].c, UTF_SIZ);
+       g.u = term.line[term.c.y][term.c.x].u;
 
        /* remove the old cursor */
-       sl = utf8len(term.line[oldy][oldx].c);
-       width = (term.line[oldy][oldx].mode & ATTR_WIDE)? 2 : 1;
-       xdraws(term.line[oldy][oldx].c, term.line[oldy][oldx], oldx,
-                       oldy, width, sl);
+       xdrawglyph(term.line[oldy][oldx], oldx, oldy);
 
        if(IS_SET(MODE_HIDE))
                return;
@@ -3588,24 +3590,22 @@ xdrawcursor(void) {
                                                g.bg = defaultfg;
                                        }
 
-                               sl = utf8len(g.c);
-                               width = (term.line[term.c.y][curx].mode & ATTR_WIDE)\
-                                       ? 2 : 1;
-                               xdraws(g.c, g, term.c.x, term.c.y, width, sl);
+                               g.mode |= term.line[term.c.y][curx].mode & ATTR_WIDE;
+                               xdrawglyph(g, term.c.x, term.c.y);
                                break;
                        case 3: /* Blinking Underline */
                        case 4: /* Steady Underline */
                                XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &dc.col[defaultcs],
                                                borderpx + curx * xw.cw,
-                                               borderpx + (term.c.y + 1) * xw.ch - 1,
-                                               xw.cw, 1);
+                                               borderpx + (term.c.y + 1) * xw.ch - cursorthickness,
+                                               xw.cw, cursorthickness);
                                break;
                        case 5: /* Blinking bar */
                        case 6: /* Steady bar */
                                XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &dc.col[defaultcs],
-                                                               borderpx + curx * xw.cw,
-                                                               borderpx + term.c.y * xw.ch,
-                                                               1, xw.ch);
+                                               borderpx + curx * xw.cw,
+                                               borderpx + term.c.y * xw.ch,
+                                               cursorthickness, xw.ch);
                                break;
                }
        } else {
@@ -3664,11 +3664,10 @@ draw(void) {
 
 void
 drawregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
-       int ic, ib, x, y, ox, sl;
+       int i, x, y, ox, numspecs;
        Glyph base, new;
-       char buf[DRAW_BUF_SIZ];
+       XftGlyphFontSpec* specs;
        bool ena_sel = sel.ob.x != -1 && sel.alt == IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN);
-       long unicodep;
 
        if(!(xw.state & WIN_VISIBLE))
                return;
@@ -3679,43 +3678,37 @@ drawregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
 
                xtermclear(0, y, term.col, y);
                term.dirty[y] = 0;
-               base = term.line[y][0];
-               ic = ib = ox = 0;
-               for(x = x1; x < x2; x++) {
+
+               specs = term.specbuf;
+               numspecs = xmakeglyphfontspecs(specs, &term.line[y][x1], x2 - x1, x1, y);
+
+               i = ox = 0;
+               for(x = x1; x < x2 && i < numspecs; x++) {
                        new = term.line[y][x];
                        if(new.mode == ATTR_WDUMMY)
                                continue;
                        if(ena_sel && selected(x, y))
                                new.mode ^= ATTR_REVERSE;
-                       if(ib > 0 && (ATTRCMP(base, new)
-                                       || ib >= DRAW_BUF_SIZ-UTF_SIZ)) {
-                               xdraws(buf, base, ox, y, ic, ib);
-                               ic = ib = 0;
+                       if(i > 0 && ATTRCMP(base, new)) {
+                               xdrawglyphfontspecs(specs, base, i, ox, y);
+                               specs += i;
+                               numspecs -= i;
+                               i = 0;
                        }
-                       if(ib == 0) {
+                       if(i == 0) {
                                ox = x;
                                base = new;
                        }
-
-                       sl = utf8decode(new.c, &unicodep, UTF_SIZ);
-                       memcpy(buf+ib, new.c, sl);
-                       ib += sl;
-                       ic += (new.mode & ATTR_WIDE)? 2 : 1;
+                       i++;
                }
-               if(ib > 0)
-                       xdraws(buf, base, ox, y, ic, ib);
+               if(i > 0)
+                       xdrawglyphfontspecs(specs, base, i, ox, y);
        }
        xdrawcursor();
 }
 
 void
 expose(XEvent *ev) {
-       XExposeEvent *e = &ev->xexpose;
-
-       if(xw.state & WIN_REDRAW) {
-               if(!e->count)
-                       xw.state &= ~WIN_REDRAW;
-       }
        redraw();
 }
 
@@ -3723,12 +3716,7 @@ void
 visibility(XEvent *ev) {
        XVisibilityEvent *e = &ev->xvisibility;
 
-       if(e->state == VisibilityFullyObscured) {
-               xw.state &= ~WIN_VISIBLE;
-       } else if(!(xw.state & WIN_VISIBLE)) {
-               /* need a full redraw for next Expose, not just a buf copy */
-               xw.state |= WIN_VISIBLE | WIN_REDRAW;
-       }
+       MODBIT(xw.state, e->state != VisibilityFullyObscured, WIN_VISIBLE);
 }
 
 void
@@ -3772,7 +3760,7 @@ focus(XEvent *ev) {
        }
 }
 
-static inline bool
+bool
 match(uint mask, uint state) {
        return mask == XK_ANY_MOD || mask == (state & ~ignoremod);
 }
@@ -3827,7 +3815,7 @@ kpress(XEvent *ev) {
        KeySym ksym;
        char buf[32], *customkey;
        int len;
-       long c;
+       Rune c;
        Status status;
        Shortcut *bp;
 
@@ -3856,7 +3844,7 @@ kpress(XEvent *ev) {
                if(IS_SET(MODE_8BIT)) {
                        if(*buf < 0177) {
                                c = *buf | 0x80;
-                               len = utf8encode(c, buf, UTF_SIZ);
+                               len = utf8encode(c, buf);
                        }
                } else {
                        buf[1] = buf[0];
@@ -3923,17 +3911,13 @@ run(void) {
        long deltatime;
 
        /* Waiting for window mapping */
-       while(1) {
+       do {
                XNextEvent(xw.dpy, &ev);
-               if(XFilterEvent(&ev, None))
-                       continue;
                if(ev.type == ConfigureNotify) {
                        w = ev.xconfigure.width;
                        h = ev.xconfigure.height;
-               } else if(ev.type == MapNotify) {
-                       break;
                }
-       }
+       } while(ev.type != MapNotify);
 
        ttynew();
        cresize(w, h);
@@ -3965,7 +3949,7 @@ run(void) {
 
                clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
                drawtimeout.tv_sec = 0;
-               drawtimeout.tv_nsec = (1000/xfps) * 1E6;
+               drawtimeout.tv_nsec =  (1000 * 1E6)/ xfps;
                tv = &drawtimeout;
 
                dodraw = 0;
@@ -3976,8 +3960,7 @@ run(void) {
                        dodraw = 1;
                }
                deltatime = TIMEDIFF(now, last);
-               if(deltatime > (xev? (1000/xfps) : (1000/actionfps))
-                               || deltatime < 0) {
+               if(deltatime > 1000 / (xev ? xfps : actionfps)) {
                        dodraw = 1;
                        last = now;
                }
@@ -4020,14 +4003,16 @@ run(void) {
 
 void
 usage(void) {
-       die("%s " VERSION " (c) 2010-2015 st engineers\n" \
+       die("%s " VERSION " (c) 2010-2015 st engineers\n"
        "usage: st [-a] [-v] [-c class] [-f font] [-g geometry] [-o file]\n"
-       "          [-i] [-t title] [-w windowid] [-e command ...]\n", argv0);
+       "          [-i] [-t title] [-w windowid] [-e command ...] [command ...]\n"
+       "       st [-a] [-v] [-c class] [-f font] [-g geometry] [-o file]\n"
+       "          [-i] [-t title] [-w windowid] [-l line] [stty_args ...]\n",
+       argv0);
 }
 
 int
 main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-       char *titles;
        uint cols = 80, rows = 24;
 
        xw.l = xw.t = 0;
@@ -4042,14 +4027,8 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                opt_class = EARGF(usage());
                break;
        case 'e':
-               /* eat all remaining arguments */
-               if(argc > 1) {
-                       opt_cmd = &argv[1];
-                       if(argv[1] != NULL && opt_title == NULL) {
-                               titles = xstrdup(argv[1]);
-                               opt_title = basename(titles);
-                       }
-               }
+               if(argc > 0)
+                       --argc, ++argv;
                goto run;
        case 'f':
                opt_font = EARGF(usage());
@@ -4064,6 +4043,9 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
        case 'o':
                opt_io = EARGF(usage());
                break;
+       case 'l':
+               opt_line = EARGF(usage());
+               break;
        case 't':
                opt_title = EARGF(usage());
                break;
@@ -4076,9 +4058,15 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
        } ARGEND;
 
 run:
+       if(argc > 0) {
+               /* eat all remaining arguments */
+               opt_cmd = argv;
+               if(!opt_title && !opt_line)
+                       opt_title = basename(xstrdup(argv[0]));
+       }
        setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
        XSetLocaleModifiers("");
-       tnew(cols? cols : 1, rows? rows : 1);
+       tnew(MAX(cols, 1), MAX(rows, 1));
        xinit();
        selinit();
        run();